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The Indian Forest Act, 1927

Published On: Nov 23, 2021

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GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA

LAW AND JUDICIARY DEPARTMENT

Act No. XVI of 1927

The Indian Forest Act, 1927 (In its application to the State of Maharashtra)

(As modified up to the 27th April 1994)

Printed in India by the manager, Government Press, and Book Depot, Nagpur and Published by the Director, Government Printing, Publications and Stationary, Maharashtra State, Bombay-400 004
1994

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER-I

PRELIMINARY

Section Page

1 Short title and extent
2 Interpretation clause

2A Construction of certain references to Central or Bombay Acts

CHAPTER-II
OF RESERVED FORESTS

3 Power to reserve forests
4 Notification by State Government
5 Bar of accrual of forests-rights
6 Proclamation by Forest Settlement officer
7 Inquiry by Forest Settlement Officer
8 Powers of Forest Settlement Officer
9 Extinction of Rights
10 Treatment of claims relating to practice of shifting cultivation
11 Power to acquire land over which right is claimed
12 Orders on claims to rights of pasture or to forest produce
13 Record to be made by Forest Settlement Officer
14 Record where he admits claim
15 Exercise of rights admitted
16 Commutation of rights
17 Appeal from order passed under section 11, section 12, section 15 or

section 16
18 Appeal under section 17
19 Pleaders
20 Notification declaring forest reserved
21 Publication of translation of such notifications in neighbourhood of

forest
22 Power to revise arrangement made under section 15 or section 18
23 No right acquired over reserved forest, except as here provided
24 Rights not to alienated without sanction
25 Power to stop ways and water courses in reserved forests
26 Acts prohibited in such forests
27 Power to declare forest no longer reserved

CHAPTER-III
OF VILLAGE FORESTS
28 Formation of village forests

CHAPTER IV
OF PROTECTED FORESTS
29 Protected Forests
30 Power to issue notification reserving trees etc.
31 Publication of translation of such notification in neighbourhood
32 Power to make rules for protected forests
33 Penalties for acts in contravention of notification under section 30 or

of rules under section 32
34 Nothing in this chapter to prohibit acts done in certain cases

34 A 35 36 36 A 36 B 36 C 37 38

39 40

41 41A

42 43

45.

52. 53. 54. 55 56.

57 58 59 60.

CHAPTER –V
OF THE CONTROL OVER FORESTS AND LANDS NOT BEING THE PROPERTY OF GOVERNMENT

Interpretation
Protection of forests for special purposes
Power to assume management of forests
Manner of serving notice and order under section 36 Period of control
Termination of control
Expropriation of forest in certain cases
Protection of forests at request of owner

CHAPTER VI
OF THE DUTY ON THE TIMBER AND OTHER FORESTS –PRODUCE

Power to impose duty on timber and other forest produce Limit not to apply to purchase money or royalty

CHAPTER VII
OF THE CONTROL OF TIMBER AND OTHER FORESTS PRODUCE IN TRANSIT

Power to make rules to regulate transit of forest produce
Powers of Central Government as to movements of timber across customs frontiers
Penalty for breach of rules made under section 41
Government and Forest officers not liable for damage to forest produce at depot
All persons bound to aid in case of accidents at depot

CHAPTER VIII
OF THE COLLECTION OF DRIFT AND STRANDED TIMBER

Certain Kinds of timber to be deemed property of Government until title thereto proved, and may be collected accordingly
Notice to claimants of drift timber
Procedure on claim preferred to such timber

Disposal of unclaimed timber
Government and its officers not liable for damages to such timber Payments to be made by claimant before timber is delivered to him Power to make rules and prescribed penalties

CHAPTER IX PENALTIES AND PROCEDURE

Seizure of property liable to confiscation
Power to release property seized under section 52
Procedure on receipt by Magistrate of report of seizure
Forest produce , tools, etc. when liable to confiscation
Disposal , on conclusion of trial for forest offence, of produce in respect of which it was committed.
Procedure when offender not known or cannot be found
Procedure as to perishable property seized under section 52
Appeal from orders under section 55, section 56 or section 57 Property when to vest in Government

61. 61 A

61B 61C 61D. 61E 61 F 61 G 62 63

64 65 65 A 66 67 68 69

70. 71

72. 73. 74. 75.

76 77 78

79 80.

80A

82 83 84

Saving of power to release property seized
Confiscation by Forest Officers of forest produce where forest offence is believed to have been committed
Issue of show cause notice before confiscation under section 61 A Revision
Appeal
Award of confiscation not to interfere with other punishments Property, etc confiscated when to vest in Government
Bar of Jurisdiction in certain cases
Punishment for wrongful seizure
Penalty for counterfeiting or defacing marks on trees and timber and for altering boundary marks
Power to arrest without warrant
Power to release on a bond a person arrested
Certain offences to be non-bailable
Power to prevent commission of offence
Power to try offences summarily
Power to compound offences
Presumption that forest produce belongs to Government

CHAPETER X CATTLE TRESPASS

Cattle trespass Act, 1871 to apply Power to alter fines fixed under that Act

CHAPTER XI
OF FOREST OFFICERS

State Government may invest Forest Officers with certain powers Forest Officers deemed public servants
Indemnity for acts done in good faith
Forest Officers not to trade

CHAPTER XII SUBSIDIARY RULES

Additional powers to make rules Penalties for breach of rules Rules when to have force of law

CHAPTER XIII MISCELLANOUS

Persons bound to assist Forest Officers and Police Officers Management of forests, the joint property of Government and other persons
Power of Government to apply provisions of this Act to certain lands of Government or local authority
Failure to perform service for which a share in produce of Government forest is enjoyed
Recovery of money due to Government
Lien on forest –produce for such money
Land required under this Act to be deemed to be needed for a public purpose under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894
Recovery of penalties due under bond

85 A Saving for rights of Central Government 86 Repeals

THE SCHEDULE –Repealed

ACT NO XVI OF 1927
THE INDIAN FOREST ACT, 1927

[21st September 1927]

Amended by Act 26 of 1930 “ “ “ 3of1933

Adapted and modified by the Government of India (Adaptation of Indian Laws) Order, 1937
Repealed in part by Act 2 of 1948
Adapted and modified by the Indian Independence (Adaptation of Central Acts and Ordinances) Order, 1948.

Amended by Bom. 62 of 1948
Adapted and modified by the Adaptation of Laws Order, 1950 Amended by Bom. 23 of 1951

“ “ “ 25of1953
“ “ “ 24of1955
“ “ “ 10of1956
“ “ “ 17of1956
Adapted and modified by the Adaptation of Laws (No. 3) Order, 1956 Amended by Bom. 26 of 1957

“ ““6of1961

“ “ “ 15of1965
“ “ “27of1968
“ “ “ 29 of 1975 (30-8-1975)
“ “ “ 14 of 1978 (26-4-1978) Amended by Mah. 23 of 1984 (22-6-1984) Amended by Mah. 7 of 1985 (1-6-1985)

An Act to consolidate the law relating to forests, the transit of forest produce and the duty leviable on timber and other forest produce.

WHEREAS it is expendient to consolidate the law relating to forests, the transit of forest-produce and the duty leviable on timber and other forest produce ; It is hereby enacted as follows:-

-----------------------------------------

CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY

1. Short title and extent :-

(1) This Act may be called the Indian Forest Act, 1927.
(2) It is extends to the whole of India except the territories which,

immediately before the 1st November, 1956, were comprised in

Part B States other than the Hyderabad area of the State of

Maharashtra.
(3) It applies to the territories which, immediately before the 1st

November, 1956, were comprised in the states of Bihar, Bombay, Coorg, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Orrisa, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal; but the Government of any State may by notification in the official Gazette bring this Act into force in the whole or any specified part of that State to which this Act extends and where it is not in force:

Provided that, on the commencement of the Indian Forest (Maharashtra Unification and Amendment) Act, 1960, this Act shall be in force in the Hyderabad area of the State of Maharashtra

2. Interpretation clause- In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,

(1) “Cattle” includes elephants, camels, buffaloes, horses, mares, gelding, ponies. colts, fillies, mules, asses, pigs, rams, ewes, sheep, lambs, goats, and kids:
(2) “Forest-officer” means any person whom the State Government or any officer empowered by the State Government in this behalf may appoint to carry out all or any of the purposes of this Act, or to do anything required by this Act or any rule made thereunder to be done by a Forest-officer;
(3) “ forest offence” means an offence punishable under this Act or under any rule made thereunder;
(4) “ forest-produce” includes

a) the following whether found in, or brought from, a forest or not, this is to say:-

timber, charcoal, caoutchouc, catechu, wood oil, resin, natural varnish bark, lac, mahua flowers, mahua seeds, kuth, apta and tembhurni leaves, rosha grass, including oil derived therefrom, rauwolfia serpentina and myrobolans, and
b) the following when found in, or brought from, a forest that is to say:

i) trees and leaves, flowers and fruits and all other parts or produce not hereinbefore mentioned of trees,
ii) plants not being trees (including grass, creepers, reeds and moss), and all parts or produce of such plants,
iii) wild animals and skins, tusks, horns, bones, silk, cocoons, honey and wax and all other parts or produce of animals, and
iv) peat, surface, soil, rock, and minerals (including limestone, laterite mineral oils, and all products of mines or quarries);

(4A) “owner” includes a Court of Wards in respect of property under the superintendence or charge of such court;

(4B) “Police Officer” means a Police Officer as defined in the Bombay Police Act, 1951;

(4C) “Revenue Officer” means a Revenue officer as defined in the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code, 1966;

(5) “river” includes any stream, canal, creek or other channels natural or artificial;
(6) “timber” includes trees when they have fallen or have been felled, and all wood whether cut up or fashioned or hallowed out for any purpose or not ; and
(7) “trees” include palms, bamboos, stumps, brush-wood and canes

2A. Construction of certain reference to central or Bombay Acts :- In the application of this Act to any area of the State of Maharashtra other than the Bombay area thereof, any reference to a provision of a Central or Bombay Act shall, where no such Act is in force in that area, be construed as a reference to the provision of the corresponding law, if any, in force in that area.

CHAPTER II
OF RESERVED FORESTS

3. Power to reserve forests :- The State Government may constitute any forest land or waste land which is the property of Government, or over which the Government has proprietary rights, or to the whole or any part of the forest-produce of which the Government is entitled, a reserved forest in the manner hereinafter provided.

4. Notification by state government :-
(1) Whenever it has been decided to constitute any land a reserved

forest, the State Government shall issue a notification in the Official Gazette.

(a) declaring that it has been decided, to constitute such land

a reserved forest;
(b) specifying, as nearly as possible , the situation and limits

of such land; and
(c) appointing an officer (hereinafter called “the Forest

Settlement Officer”) to inquire into and determine the existence, nature and extent of any rights alleged to exist in favour of any person in or over any land comprised within such limits or in or over any forest-produce, and to deal with the same as provided in this chapter.

Explanation:- for the purpose of clause (b), it shall be sufficient to describe the limits of the forest roads, rivers, bridges or other well- known or readily intelligible boundaries.

(2) The officer appointed under clause (c) of sub-section 1 shall ordinarily be a person not holding any forest-office except that of Forest Settlement-officer.
(3) Nothing in this section shall prevent the State Government from appointing any number of officers not exceeding three, not more than one of them shall be a person holding any forest- office except as aforesaid, to perform the duties of a Forest Settlement-officer under this Act.

5. Bar of accrual of forest rights :- After the issue of a notification under section 4, no right shall be acquired in or over the land comprised in such notification, except by succession or under a grant or contract in writing made or entered in to by or on behalf of the Government or some person in whom such right was vested when the notification was issued and no fresh clearing for cultivation or for any other purpose shall be made in such land except in accordance with such rules as may be made by the State Government in this behalf .

6. Proclamation by Forest Settlement-officer :- When a notification has been issued under section 4, the Forest Settlement-officer shall publish in the local vernacular in every town and village in the neighbourhood of the land comprised therein a proclamation :

(a) specifying as nearly as possible, the situation and limits of the proposed forest;
(b) explaining the consequences which as hereinafter provided will ensue on the reservation of such forest; and
(c) fixing a period of not less than three months from the date of such proclamation, and requiring every person claiming any right mentioned in section 4 or section 5 within such period either to present to the Forest Settlement-officer written notice specifying or to appear before him and state the nature of such right and the amount and particular of the compensation (if any) claimed in respect thereof.

7. Inquiry by Forest Settlement-officer :- The Forest Settlement-officer shall take down in writing all statements made under section 6, and shall at some convenient place inquire into all claims duly preferred under that section, and the existence of any rights mentioned in section 4 or section 5 and not claimed under section 6 so far as the same may be ascertainable from the records of Government and the evidence of any persons likely to be acquainted with the same.

8. Powers of Forest Settlement-officer :- For the purpose of such inquiry, the Forest Settlement-officer may exercise the following powers, that is to say:-

(a) power to enter, by himself or any officer authorised by him for the purpose, upon any land and to survey, demarcate and make a map of the same; and
(b) the powers of a Civil Court in the trial of suits.

9. Extinction of Rights :- Rights in respect of which no claim has been preferred under section 6, and of the existence of which no knowledge has been acquired by inquiry under section 7, shall be extinguished, unless before the notification under section 20 is published, the person claiming them satisfies the Forest Settlement-officer that he had sufficient cause for not preferring such claim within the period fixed under section 6.

Treatment of claims relating to practice of shifting cultivation :-
1. (1) In the case of a claim relating to the practice of shifting cultivation, the Forest Settlement-officer shall record a statement setting forth the particulars of the claim and of any local rule or order under which the practice is allowed or regulated, and submit the statement to the State Government, together with his opinion as to whether the practice should be
  
  permitted or prohibited wholly or in part.
2. (2) On receipt of the statement and opinion, the State Government
  
  may make an order permitting or prohibiting the practice wholly
  
  or in part.
3. (3) If such practice is permitted wholly or in part, the Forest
  
  Settlement-officer may arrange for its exercise:
  1. (a) by altering the limits of the land under settlement so as to
    
    exclude land of sufficient extents, of s suitable kind, and in a locality reasonably convenient for the purpose of the claimants, or
  2. (b) by causing certain portion of the land under settlement to be separately demarcated, and giving permission to the claimants to practice shifting cultivation therein under such conditions as he may prescribe .
4. (4) All arrangements made under sub section (3) shall be subject to the previous sanction of the State Government.
5. (5) The practice of shifting cultivation shall in all cases be deemed a privilege subject to control, restriction and abolition by the State Government.
Power to acquire land over which rights is claimed :-
1. (1) In the case of a claim to a right in or over any land, other than a right of way or right of pasture, or a right to forest-produce or a water course, the Forest Settlement-officer shall pass an order
  
  admitting or rejecting the same in whole or in part.
2. (2) If such claim is admitted in whole or in part, the Forest

Settlement-officer shall either :

i) exclude such land from the limits of the proposed forest ; or
ii) come to an agreement with the owner thereof for the surrender of his rights; or
iii) proceed to acquire such land in the manner provided by the land acquisition Act, 1894.

(3) For the purpose of acquiring such land :-

(a) the Forest Settlement-officer shall be deemed to be a

Collector proceeding under the Land Acquisition Act,

1894;
(b) the claimant shall be deemed to be a person interested

and appearing before him in pursuance of a notice given

under section 9 of that Act;
(c) the provisions of the preceding sections of that Act shall

be deemed to have been complied with; and
(d) the Collector, with the consent of the claimant, or the Court, with the consent of both parties may award compensation in land, or partly in land and partly in

money.

12. Order on claims to rights of pasture or to forest produce :-

(1) In the case of a claim to rights of pasture or to forest produce, the Forest Settlement-officer shall pass an order admitting or

rejecting the same in whole or in part.
(2) A copy of the order passed under sub section (1) shall be

furnished to the claimants by the Forest Settlement-officer, and another copy of that order shall be forwarded to the Forest Officer who attended the inquiry or, if no such officer attended, to the Divisional Forest Officer.

13. Record to be made by Forest Settlement-officer :- The Forest Settlement-officer when passing any order under section 12, shall record, so far as may be practicable.

(a) the name, father’s name, caste, residence and occupation of the person claiming the right; and
(b) the designation, position and area of all fields or groups of fields (if any), and the designation and position of all buildings (if any), in respect of which the exercise of such rights is claimed.

14. Record where he admits claim :- If the Forest Settlement-officer admits in whole or in part any claim under section12, he shall also record the extent to which the claim is so admitted, specifying the number and description of the cattle which the claimant is from time to time entitled to graze in the forest, the season during which such pasture is permitted, the quantity of timber and other forest-produce which is from time to time

authorized to take or receive, any such other particular as the case may require. He shall also record whether the timber or other forest-produce obtained by the exercise of the rights claimed may be sold or bartered.

Exercise of rights admitted :-
1. (1) After making such record, the Forest Settlement-officer shall, to
  
  the best of his ability, and having due regard to the maintenance of the reserved forest in respect of which the claim is made, pass such orders as well ensure the continued exercise of the rights of admitted.
2. (2) For this purpose the Forest Settlement-officer may :-
  1. (a) set out some other forest tract of sufficient extent, and in a locality reasonably convenient, for the purposes of such claimants, and record an order conferring upon them a right of pasture or to forest produce (as the case may be)
    
    to the extent so admitted; or
  2. (b) so alter the limits of the proposed forest as to exclude
    
    forest land of sufficient extent, and in a locality reasonably convenient, for the purpose of the claimants; or
  3. (c) record an order, continuing to such claimants a right of pasture or to forest produce, as the case may be, to the extent so admitted, as such reasons, within such portions of the proposed forest, and under such rules, as may be made in this behalf by the State Government.
Commutation of rights :- In case the Forest Settlement-officer finds it

impossible, having due regard to the maintenance of the reserved forest to make such settlement under section 15 as shall ensure the continued exercise of the said rights to the extent so admitted, he shall, subject to such rules as the State Government may make in this behalf, commute such rights, by the payment to such persons of a sum of money in lieu thereof, or by the grant of land, or in such other manner as he thinks fit.

17. Appeal from order passed under section 11, section 12, section 15 or section 16 :- Any person who has made a claim under this Act, or any Forest officer or other person generally or specially empowered by the State Government in this behalf, may, within three months from the date of the order passed on such claim by the Forest Settlement-officer under section 11, section 12, section 15 or section 16, present an appeal from such order to such officer of the Revenue Department, of rank not lower than that of a Collector, as the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint to hear appeals from such order :

Provided that the State Government may establish a Court (hereinafter called the “Forest Court”) composed of three persons to be appointed by the

State Government and when the Forest Court has been so established, all such appeals, shall be presented to it.

Appeal under section 17 :-
1. (1) Every appeal under section 17 shall be made by petition in
  
  writing, and may be delivered to the Forest Settlement-officer, who shall forward it without delay to the authority competent to hear the same .
2. (2) If the appeal be to an officer appointed under section 17 it shall be heard in the manner prescribed for the time being for the hearing of appeals in matter relating to land-revenue.
3. (3) If the appeal be to the Forest Court, the Court shall fix a day and a convenient place in the neighbourhood of the proposed forest for hearing the appeal, and shall give notice thereof to the parties, and shall hear such appeal accordingly.
4. (4) The order passed on the appeal by such officer, or Court, or by the majority of the members of such Court as the case may be, shall subject only to revision by the State Government, be final.
Pleaders :- The State Government, or any person who has made a

claim under this Act, may appoint any person to appear, plead and act on its or his behalf before the Forest Settlement-officer, or the appellate officer or Court, in the course of any inquiry or appeal under this Act.

20. Notification declaring forest reserved :-
(1) When the following events have occurred, namely :-

(a) the peiod fixed under section 6 for preferring claims has elapsed, and all claims, if any, made under that section or section 9 have been disposed of by the Forest Settlement- officer;
(b) if any such claims have been made, the period limited by section 17 for appealing from the orders passed on such claims has elapsed, and all appeals (if any), presented within such period have been disposed of by the appellate officer or Court; and
(c) all lands (if any), to be included in the proposed forest, which the Forest Settlement-officer has, under section 11, elected to acquire under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 have become vested in the Government under section 16 of that Act, the State Government shall publish a notification in the Official Gazette specifying definitely, according to boundary-marks erected or otherwise, the limit of the forest which is to be reserved, and declaring the same to be reserved from a date fixed by the notification.

(2) From the date so fixed such forest shall be deemed to be a reserved forest.

21. Publication of translation of such notifications in neighbourhood of forest :- The Forest-officer shall, before the date fixed by such notification, cause a translation thereof into the local vernacular to be published in every town and village in the neighbourhood of the forest.

22. Power to revise arrangement made under section 15 or section 18 :- The State Government may, within five years from the publication of any notification under section 20, revise any arrangement made under section 15 or section 18, and may for this purpose rescind or modify any order made under section 15 or section 18, and direct that any one of the proceedings specified in section 15 be taken in lieu of any other of such proceedings, or that the rights admitted under section 12 be commuted under section 16.

23. No right acquired over reserved forest except as here provided :- No right of any description shall be acquired in or over a reserved forest except by succession under a grant or contract in writing made by or on behalf of the Government or some person in whom such right was vested when the notification under section 20 was issued.

Rights not to be alienated without sanction :-
1. (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 23 no right
  
  continued under clause (c) of sub-section (2) of section 15 shall be alienated by way of grant, sale, lease, mortgage or otherwise without the sanction of the State Government.
  
  Provided that when any such right is appendant to any land or house it may be sold or otherwise alienated with such land or house.
2. (2) No timber or other forest-produce obtained in exercise of any such right shall be sold or bartered except to such extent as may have been admitted in the order recorded under section 14.
Power to stop ways and water courses in reserved forests :- The forest

officer may with the previous sanction of the State Government or of any officer duly authorised by it in this behalf, stop any public or private way or water course in a reserved forest provided that a substitute for the way or water course so stopped which the State Government deems to be reasonably convenient already exists or has been provided or constructed by the Forest officer in lieu thereof.

26. Acts prohibited in such forests :- (1) Any person who :

(a) makes any fresh clearing prohibited by section 5 or

(b) sets fire to a reserved forest or to proposed forest in land in respect of which a notification declaring the decision of the State Government to constitute it a reserved forest has been issued under section 4 or in contravention of any rules made by the State Government in this behalf kindles in such forest any fire or leaves any fire burning, in such manner as to endanger such a forest;

or who in a reserved forest or a proposed forest in land

notified as aforesaid under section 4 ;
(c) kindles, keeps or carries any fire except at such seasons

as the forest officer may notify in this behalf;
(d) trespasses or pastures cattle, or permits cattle to trespass;
(e) causes any damage by negligence in felling any tree or

cutting or dragging any timber;
(f) fells, girdles, lops, taps or burns any tree or strips off the

bark or leaves from, or otherwise damages, the same;
(g) quarries stone, burns lime or charcoal, or collects, subjects to any manufacturing process, or removes, any

forest produce;
(h) clears or breaks up any land for cultivation or any other

purpose ;
(i) in contravention of any rules made in this behalf by the

State Government hunts, shoots, fishes, poisons water or

sets traps or snares ; or
(j) in any area in which the Elephants Preservation Act, 1879

is not in force, kills or catches elephants in contravention of any rules so made;

shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees, or with both, in addition to such compensation for damage done to the forest as the convicting Court may direct to be paid.

(2) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to prohibit-
1. (a) any act done by permission in writing of the Forest- Officer or under any rule made by the State Government ;
  
  or
2. (b) the exercise of any right continued under clause (c) of sub
  
  section (2) of section 15, or created by grant or contract in writing made by or on behalf of the Government under section 23.
(3) Whenever fire is caused wilfully or by gross negligence in a reserved forest the State Government may notwithstanding that any penalty has been inflicted under this section direct that in such forest or any portion thereof the exercise of all rights of pasture or to forest produce shall be suspended for such period as it thinks fit.

(4) Where a person is convicted under clause (d) or (h) of sub section (1) -

(a) a Forest Officer not below the rank of a Ranger, or
(b) a Police Officer not below the rank of a Sub Inspector, or
(c) a Revenue Officer not below the rank of a Mahalkari or

Tahsildar, may evict him from the forest or land in relation to which he has committed the offence.

Power to declare forest no longer reserved :-
1. (1) The State Government may by notification in the Official
  
  gazette, direct that, from a date fixed by such notification, any forest or any portion thereof reserved under this Act shall cease to be a reserved forest.
2. (2) From the date so fixed such forest or portion shall cease to be reserved; but the rights (if any) which have been extinguished therein shall not revive in consequence of such cessation.
  
  CHAPTER III
  OF VILLAGE FORESTS
Formation of village forests :-

(1) The State Government may assign to any village community

village panchayat established under the Bombay Village Panchayats Act, 1958 or co-operative society registered or deemed to be registered under the Maharashtra Co-operative Societies Act, 1960, the rights of Government to or over any land which has been constituted a reserved forest or called a protected forest, and may cancel such assignment. All forests so assigned shall be called village-forests.

(2) The State Government may make rules for regulating the management of village forests, prescribing the conditions under which the community Panchayat or society to which any such assignment is made may be provided with timber or other forest produce or pasture, and their duties for the protection and improvement of such forest.

(3) All the provisions of this Act relating to reserved or protected forests shall so far as they are not inconsistent with the rules so made apply to village forests according as the forests assigned are reserved or protected forests.

CHAPTER IV
OF PROTECTED FORESTS

29. Protected forests :-

(1) The State Government may, by notification in the Official

Gazette declare the provision of this Chapter applicable to any forest land or waste land which is not include in a reserved forest, but which is the property of Government, or over which the Government has proprietary rights, or to the whole or any part of the forest produce of which the Government is entitled.
(2) The forest land and waste lands comprised in any such notification shall be called a “protected forest”.
(3) No such notification shall be made unless the nature and extent of the rights of Government and of private persons in or over the forest-land or waste-land comprised therein have been inquired into and recorded at a survey or settlement, or in such other manner as the State Government thinks sufficient. Every such record shall be presumed to be correct until the contrary is proved :

Provided that if, in the case of any forest land or waste land, the State Government thinks that such inquiry and record are necessary but that they will occupy such length of time as in the mean time to endanger the rights of Government, the State Government may, pending such inquiry and record, declare, such land to be a protected forest, but so as not to abridge or affect any existing rights of individuals or communities.

30. Power to issue notification reserving trees, etc. :- The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette :

(a) declare any trees or class of trees in a protected forest to be reserved from a date fixed by the notification;
(b) declare that any portion of such forest specified in the notification shall be closed for such term, not exceeding thirty years, as the State Government thinks fit, and that rights of private persons, if any, over such portion shall be suspended during such term, provided that the remainder of such forest be sufficient, and in a locality reasonably convenient, for due exercise of the right suspended in the portion so closed; or
(c) prohibit, from a date fixed as aforesaid, the quarring of stone, or the burning of lime or charcoal, or the collection or subjection to any manufacturing process, or removal of, any forest produce in any such forest, and the breaking up or clearing for cultivation, for building, for herding cattle or for any other purpose, or any land in any such forest.

31. Publication of translation of such notification in neighbourhood :- The Collector shall cause a translation into the local vernacular of every notification issued under section 30 to be affixed in a conspicuous place in every town and village in the neighbourhood of the forest comprised in the notification.

32. Power to make rules for protected forests :- The State Government may make rules to regulate the following matters, namely :-

(a) the cutting, sawing, conversion and removal of trees and timber, and the collection, manufacturing and removal of forest produce, from protected forest;
(b) the granting of licences to the inhabitants of towns and villages in the vicinity of protected forests to take trees, timber or other forest produce for their own use, and the production and return of such licences by such person;
(c) the granting of licences to persons felling or removing trees or timber or other forest produce from such forests for the purposes of trade, and the production and return of such licences by such persons;
(d) the payments, if any to be made by the persons mentioned in clauses (b) and (c) for permission to cut such trees, or to collect and remove such timber or other forest produce;
(e) the other payments, if any, to be made by them in respect of such trees, timber and produce, and the places where such payment shall be made;
(f) the examination of forest produce passing out of such forests;
(g) the clearing and breaking up of land for cultivation or other

purposes in such forests;
(h) the protection from fire of timber lying in such forests and of

trees reserved under section 30;
(i) the cutting of grass and pasturing of cattle in such forests;
(j) hunting, shooting, fishing , poisoning water and setting traps or

snares in such forests, and the killing or catching of elephants in such forests in areas in which the Elephants Preservation Act, 1879 is not in force;
(k) the protection and management of any portion of a forest closed under section 30; and
(l) the exercise of rights referred to in section 29.

33. Penalties for acts in contravention of notification under section 30 or of rules under section 32 :

(1) Any person who commits any of the following offences, namely:- (a) fells, girdles, lopes, taps or burns any tree reserved under section 30, or strips off the bark or leaves from, or

otherwise damages, any such tree;

(b) contrary to any prohibition under section 30, quarries any stone or burns any lime or charcoal or collects, subjects to any manufacturing process, or removes any forest produce;
(c) contrary to any prohibition under section 30, breaks up or clears for cultivation or any other purpose any land in any protected forest;
(d) sets fire to such forests, or kindles a fire without taking all reasonable precautions to prevent its spreading or any tree reserved under section 30 whether standing, fallen, or felled, or to any closed portion of such forest;
(e) leaves burning and fire kindled by him in the vicinity of any such tree or closed portion;
(f) fells any tree or drags any timber so as to damage any tree reserved as aforesaid;
(g) permits cattle to damage any such tree;
(h) infringes any rule made under section 32;

shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees, or with both.

(2) Whenever fire is caused wilfully or by gross negligence in a protected forest the State Government may notwithstanding that any penalty has been inflicted under this section, direct that in such forest or any portion thereof the exercise of any right of pasture or to forest produce shall be suspended for such period as it thinks fit.
(3) Where a person is convicted of an offence under sub section (1)
1. (a) a Forest Officer not below the rank of Ranger ; or
2. (b) a Police Officer not below the rank of Sub Inspector ; or
3. (c) a Revenue Officer not below the rank of Mahalkari or
  
  Tahsildar,
  may evict him from the protected forest in relation to which he has committed the offence.

34. Nothing in this Chapter to prohibit acts done in certain cases :- Nothing in this Chapter shall be deemed to prohibit any act done with the permission in writing of the Forest officer, or in accordance with rules made under section 32, or except as regards any portion of a forest closed under section 30, or as regards any rights the exercise of which has been suspended under section 33, in the exercise of any right recorded under section 29.

CHAPTER V

OF THE CONTROL OVER FORESTS AND LANDS NOT BEING THE PROPERTY OF GOVERNMENT

34A. Interpretation :- For the purposes of the Chapter “forest” includes any land containing trees and shrubs, pasture, lands and any other land whatsoever which the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare to be a forest.

35. Protection of forests for special purposes :-
(1) The State Government may, by notification in the Official

Gazette-

(i) regulate or prohibit in any forest-
1. (a) the breaking up or clearing of the land for cultivation ;
2. (b) the pasturing of cattle;
3. (c) the firing or clearing of the vegetation;
4. (d) the girdling, tapping or burning of any tree or the
  
  stripping off the bark or leaves from any trees;
5. (e) the lopping and pollarding of trees;
6. (f) the cutting, sawing, conversion and removal of
  
  trees and timber; or
7. (g) the quarring of stone or the burning of lime or
  
  charcoal or the collection or removal of any forest produce or its subjection to any manufacturing process;
(ii) regulate in any forest the regeneration of forests and their protection from fire;

when such regulation or prohibition appears necessary for any of the following purposes;
1. (a) for the conservation of trees and forests;
2. (b) for the preservation and improvement of soil or the
  
  reclamation of saline or water logged land, the prevention of landslips or of the formation of ravines and torrents, or the protection of land against erosion, or the deposit thereon of sand, stones or gravel;
3. (c) for the improvement of grazing;
4. (d) for the maintenance of a water supply in spring,
  
  river and tanks;
5. (e) for the maintenance, increase and distribution of
  
  the supply of fodder, leaf manure, timber or fuel;
6. (f) for the maintenance of reservoirs or irrigation
  
  works and hydro-electric works;
7. (g) for protection against storms, winds, rolling

stones, floods and drought;

(h) for the protection of roads, bridges, railways and other lines of communication ; and
(i) for the preservation of the public health.

(2) The State Government may, for any such purpose, construct at

its own expense in any forest such work as it thinks fit.
(3) No notification shall be made under sub section (1) nor shall any work be begun under sub section (2), until after the issue by an officer authorised by the State Government in that behalf of a notice to the owner of such forest calling on him to show cause within a reasonable period to be specified in such notice why such notification should not be made or work constructed as the case may be, and until his objection, if any, and any evidence he may produce in support of the same, have been heard by an officer duly appointed in that behalf and have been considered

by the State Government.
(4) A notice to show cause why a notification under sub section (1)

should not be made, may require that for any period not exceeding one year or till the date of the making of a notification, whichever is earlier the owner of such forest and all persons who are entitled or permitted to do therein any or all of the things specified in clause (i) of sub section (1), whether by reason of any right, title or interest or under any licence or contract or otherwise, shall not, after the date of the notice and for the period or until the date aforesaid, as the case may be, do any or all the things specified in clause (i) of sub section (1), to the extent specified in the notice.
(5) A notice issued under sub section (3) shall be served on the owner of such forest in the manner provided in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 for the service of summons and shall also be published in the manner prescribed by rules.

(5A) Where a notice issued under sub section (3) has been served on the owner of a forest in accordance with sub section (5), any person acquiring thereafter the right of a ownership of that forest shall be bound by the notice as if it had been served on him as an owner and he shall accordingly comply with the notice, requisition and notification, if any, issued under this section.

(6) Any person contravening any requisition made under sub section (4) in a notice to show cause why a notification under sub section (1) should not be made shall, on conviction , be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months or with fine, or with both.
(7) Any person contravening any of the provision of a notification issued under sub section (1) shall, on conviction, be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.

36. Power to assume management of forests :-

(1) In case of neglect of, or wilful disobedience to, any regulation

or prohibition, under section 35, or if the purposes or any work to be constructed under that section so require, the State Government may, after notice in writing to the owner of such forest and after considering his objections, if any place the same under the control of a Forest Officer and may declare that all or any of the provisions of this Act relating to reserved or protected forests shall apply to such forest.
(2) The net profits, if any, arising from the management of such forest shall be paid to the said owner.

36A. Manner of serving notice and order under section 36 :- The notice referred to in sub section (1) of section 36 and the order, if any, made placing a forest under the control of a Forest Officer shall be served on the owner of such forest in the manner provided in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 for the service of summons.

36B. Period of control :-

(1) The period of such control of any forest shall be for ten years

from the date of the order aforesaid; but such period may thereafter be extended for successive periods of not more than ten years each;
Provided that the period of such control shall not in the aggregate exceed 30 years from the date of the order.
(2) The Forest Officer, under whose control the forest is placed, shall not, later than six months before the expiry of any period, referred to in sub-section (1), make a report regarding such control and shall state therein whether in his opinion, any period of control should be extended.
(3) After considering any such report and subject of sub-section (1), the State Government shall decide whether to extend any period of control or whether to terminate it in the manner provided in the next succeeding section.
(4) No period of control shall be extended unless the owner has been given reasonable opportunity of showing cause against such extension.

36C. TerminationofControl–
(1) If the State Government decides to terminate any period of

control of any forest, it shall, by order published in the official gazette and in such other manner as may be prescribed by rules, so declare; and thereupon possession of the forest shall be given to the owner, or if the owner be dead, to any person entitled to

such possession, together with any sum of money which may be

standing to the credit of such owner.
(2) All acts done or purported to be done by the Forest Officer in

respect of any forest placed under his control, during the period of such control or of any extension thereof, shall be binding on the owner of such forest or any person to whom possession of the forest has been delivered under this section.

37. Expropriation of forest in certain cases :
(1) In any case under this Chapter in which the State Government

considers that, in lieu of placing the forest under the control of a Forest Officer the same should be acquired for public purposes the State Government may proceed to acquire it in the manner provided by the Land Acquisition Act, 1894.

Protection of forest at request of owner :
1. (1) The owner of any land or if there be more than one owner
  
  thereof, the owners of shares therein amounting in the aggregate to at least two-thirds thereof may, with a view to the formation or conservation of forests thereon, represents, in writing to the Collector their desire,
  1. (a) that such land be managed on their behalf by the Forest Officer as reserved or a protected forest on such terms as may be mutually agreed upon; or
  2. (b) that all or any of the provision of this Act be applied to such land.
2. (2) In either case, the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette apply to such land such provisions of this Act as it think suitable to the circumstances thereof and as may be desired by the applicants.
  
  CHAPTER VI
OF THE DUTY ON THE TIMBER AND OTHER FOREST PRODUCE
Power to impose duty on timber and other forest-produce :

(1) The Central Government may levy a duty in such manner, at such places and at such rates as it may declare by notification in

the Official Gazette on all timber or other forest-produce-

(a) which is produced in the territories to which this Act extends and in respect of which the Government has any

right;
(b) which is brought from any place outside the territories to

which this Act extends.

(2) In every case in which such duty is directed to be levied ad- valorem, the Central Government may fix by like notification the value on which such duty shall be assessed.
(3) All duties on timber or other forest-produce which at the time when this Act comes into force in any territory, are levied therein under the authority of the State Government, shall be deemed to be and to have been duly levied under the provisions of this Act.
(4) Notwithstanding anything in this section, the State Government may until provision to the contrary is made by Parliament continue to levy any duty which it was lawfully levying before the commencement of the Constitution under this section as then in force;

Provided that nothing in this sub-section authorises the levy of any duty which as between timber or other forest- produce of the State, and similar produce of the locality outside the State, discriminates in favour of the former, or which in the case of timber or other forest-produce of localities outside the State, discriminates between timber or other forest-produce of one locality and similar timber or other forest-produce of another locality.

40. Limit not to apply to purchase money or royalty : Nothing in this Chapter shall be deemed to limit the amount, if any, chargeable as purchase money or royalty on any timber or other forest, produce , although the same is levied on such timber or produce while in transit, in the same, manner, as duty it levied.

CHAPTER VII

OF THE CONTROL OF TIMBER AND OTHER FOREST- PRODUCE IN TRANSIT

41. Power to make rules to regulate transit of forest-produce :
(1) The control of all rivers and their banks as regards the floating of timber as well as the control of all timber and other forest- produce in transit by land or water, is vested in the State Government, and it may make rules to regulate the transit of all

timber and other forest-produce.
(1A) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time

being in force, the State Government may make rules to regulate by grant of licences, within the forest limits or such distance therefrom not exceeding eighty kilometers as may be determined, the converting or cutting of timber in a saw mill, and prescribe fees and conditions, subject to which such licence

may be granted, and the manner in which, and the authority to whom, an appeal against the order of refusal, suspension or revocation of a licence may be filed;

(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may-

(a) prescribe the routes by which alone timber or other

forest-produce may be imported, exported or moved into,

from or within the State ;
(b) prohibit the import or export or moving of such timber or

other produce without a pass from an officer duly authorised to issue the same, or otherwise than in accordance with the conditions of such pass;
(c) provides for the issue, production and return of such passes and for the payment of fees therefor;
(d) provide for the stoppage, reporting, examination and marking of timber or other forest-produce in transit, in respect of which there is reason to believe that any money is payable to the Government on account of the price thereof, or on account of duty, for royalty or charge due thereon or to which it is desirable for the purpose of this Act to affix a mark;
(e) provide for the establishment and regulation of depots to which such timber or other produce shall be taken by those in charge of it for examination, or for the payment of such money, or in order that such marks may be affixed to it; and the conditions under which such timber or other produce shall be brought to, stores at and removed from such depots;
(f) prohibit the closing up or obstructing of the channel or banks of any river used for the transit of timber or other forest-produce, and the throwing of grass, brushwood, branches or leaves into any such river or any act which may cause such river to be close or obstructed;
(g) provide for the prevention or removal of any obstruction of the channel or banks of any such river, and for recovering the cost of such prevention or removal from the person whose acts or negligence necessitated the same;
(h) prohibit absolutely or subject to conditions, within specified local limits the establishment of saw-pits, the converting, cutting, burning, concealing on or marking of timber, the altering or effacing of any marks on the same, or the possession or carrying of marking hammer or other implements used for marking timber;
(i) regulate the use of property marks for timber, and the registration of such marks, prescribe the time for which

such registration shall hold good; limit the number of such marks that may be registered by any one person, and provide for the levy of fees for such registration.

(3) The State Government may direct that any rule made under this section shall not apply to any specified class of timber or other forest-produce or to any specified local area.

41A. Powers of Central Government as to movement of timber across customs frontiers : Notwithstanding anything in section 41, the Central Government may make rules to prescribe the route by which alone timber or other forest produce may be imported, exported or moved into or from the territories to which this Act extends across, any customs frontier as defined by the Central Government and any rules made under section 41 shall have effect subject to the rules made under this section.

42. Penalty for breach of rules made under section 41 :
(1) The State Government may by such rule prescribe as penalties for the contravention thereof imprisonment for a term which extend to one year or with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees, or both.
(2) Such rules may provide that penalties which are double of those mentioned in sub-section (1) may be inflicted in cases where the offence is committed after sunset and before sunrise, or after preparation for resistance to lawful authority, or where the offender has been previously convicted of a like offence.

43. Government and Forest Officers not liable for damage to forest- produce at depot : The Government shall not be responsible for any loss or damage which may occur in respect of any timber or other forest-produce while at a depot established under a rule made under section 41 or while detained elsewhere for the purpose of this Act; and no Forest officer shall be responsible for any such loss or damage, unless he cause such loss or damage negligently, maliciously or fraudulently.

44. All persons bound to aid in case of accidents at depot : In case of any accident or emergency involving danger to any property at any such depot, every person employed at such depot, whether by the Government or by any private person, shall render assistance to any Forest officer or Police officer demanding his aid in averting such danger or securing such property from damage or loss.

CHAPTER VIII
OF THE COLLECTION OF DRIFT AND STRANDED TIMBER

45. Certain kinds of timber to be deemed property of Government until title thereto proved, and may be collected accordingly :

(1) All timber found a drift, beached, stranded or sunk;
All wood or timber bearing marks which have not been registered in accordance with the rules made under section 41, or on which the marks have been obliterated, altered, or defaced by fire or otherwise; and
in such areas as the State Government directs, all unmarked wood and timber;
shall be deemed to be the property of Government, unless and until any person establishes his right and title thereto, provided in this Chapter.
(2) Such timber may be collected by any Forest-officer or other person entitled to collect the same by virtue of any rule made under section 51, and may be brought to any depot, which the Forest-officer may notify as a depot for the reception of drift timber.
(3) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette exempt any class of timber from the provisions of the section.

46. Notice to claimants of drift timber : Public notice shall from time to time be given by the Forest officer of timber collected under section 45. Such notice shall contain a description of the timber, and shall require any person claiming the same to present to such officer, within a period not less than two months from the date of such notice, a written statement of such claim.

47. Procedure on claim preferred to such timber :

(1) When any such statement is presented as aforesaid, the Forest-

officer may, after making such inquiry as he thinks fit, either reject the claim after recording his reasons for so doing, or deliver the timber to the claimant.
(2) If such timber is claimed by more than one person the forest officer may either deliver the same to any of such persons whom he deems entitled thereto, or may refer the claimants to the civil Courts and retain the timber pending the receipt of an order from any such Court for its disposal.
(3) Any person whose claim has been rejected under this section may, within three months from the date of such rejection, institute a suit to recover possession of the timber claimed by him; but no person shall recover any compensation or costs against the Government or against any Forest-officer, on account of such rejection or the detention or removal of any timber, or the delivery thereof to any other person under this section.

(4) No such timber shall be subject to process of any Civil, Criminal or Revenue Court until it has been delivered or a suit has been brought as provided in this section.

48. Disposal of unclaimed timber : If no such statement is presented as aforesaid or if the claimant omits to prefer his claim in the manner and within the period fixed by the notice issued under section 46, or on such claim having been so preferred by him and having been rejected omits to institute a suit to recover possession of such timber within the further period fixed by section 47, the ownership of such timber shall vest in the Government, or when such timber has been delivered to another person under section 47, in such other person free from all encumbrances not created by him.

49. Government and its officers not liable for damage to such timber : The Government shall not be responsible for any loss or damage which may occur in respect of any timber collected under section 45, and no Forest- officer shall be responsible for any such loss or damage, unless he causes such loss or damage negligently, maliciously or fraudulently.

50. Payments to be made by claimant before timber is delivered to him : No person shall be entitled to recover possession of any timber collected or delivered as aforesaid until ha has paid to the Forest-officer or other person entitled to receive it such sum on account thereof as may be due under any rule made under section 51.

51. Power to make rules and prescribe penalties :

(1) The State Government may make rules to regulate the

following matters, namely:-
1. (a) the salving, collection and disposal of all timber
  
  mentioned in section 45;
2. (b) the use and registration of boats used in salving and
  
  collecting timber;
3. (c) the amount to be paid for salving, collecting, moving,
  
  storing or disposing of such timber; and
4. (d) the use and registration of hammers and other instruments
  
  to be used for marking such timber.
(2) The State Government may prescribe, as penalties, for the

contravention of any rules made under this section, imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or both.

CHAPTER IX PENALTIES AND PROCEDURE

52. Seizure of property liable to confiscation and forfeiture :
(1) When there is reason to believe that a forest-offence has been committed in respect of any forest-produce, such produce together with all tools, boats, vehicles or cattle used in committing any such offence may be seized by any Forest

officer or Police-Officer.
(1A) Any Forest-officer or Police officer may, if he has reason to

believe that a vehicle has been or is being used for the transport of forest-producer in respect of which there is reason to believer a forest offence has been or is being committed require the driver or other person in charge of such vehicle to stop the vehicle and cause it to remain stationary as long as may reasonably be necessary to examine the contents in the vehicle and inspect all records relating to the goods carried which are in the possession of such driver or other person in charge of the vehicle.

(2) Every officer seizing any property under this section shall place on such property, or the receptacle or vehicle (if any) in which it is contained, a mark indicating that the same has been so seized and shall, as soon as may be, make a report of such seizure to the Magistrate having jurisdiction to try the offence on account of which the seizure has been made:

Provided that, when the forest-produce with respect to which such offence is believed to have been committed is the property of Government and the offender is unknown, it shall be sufficient if the officer makes, as soon as may be, a report of the circumstances to his official superior;

Provided further that, where the offence on account of which the seizure has been made is in respect of timber, sandalwood, firewood, charcoal or such other forest-produce as may be notified by the State Government from time to time (hereinafter referred to as the “notified forest produce”) and which is the property of the State Government, such officer shall make a report of such seizure also to the concerned authorised officer under section 61A.

Explanation – For the purposes of this Chapter, the expressions “property of Government” and “property of the State Government” include the property belonging to the Forest Development Corporation of Maharashtra Limited.

53. Power to release property seized under section 52 : Any Forest-officer of a rank not inferior to that of a Ranger who, or whose subordinate, has seized any tools, boats, vehicles or cattle under section 52 may subject to

section 61 G, release the same on the execution by the owner thereof a bond for the production of the property so released, if and when so required, before the Magistrate having jurisdiction to try offence on account of which the seizure has been made.

54. Procedure on receipt by Magistrate on report of seizure : Upon the receipt of any report under sub-section (2) of section 52, the Magistrate shall, with all convenient dispatch, take such measures as may be necessary for the arrest and trial of the offender and, subject to sections 58 and 61 G for the disposal of the property according to law.

Forest-produce, tools etc. when liable to forfeiture :
1. (1) All timber or forest produce which is not the property of
  
  Government and in respect of which a forest offence has been committed, and all tools, boats, vehicles and cattle used in committing any forest-offence shall, subject to section 61 G, be liable by order of the convicting Court to forfeiture.
2. (2) Such forfeiture may be in addition to any other punishment prescribed for such offence.
Disposal, on conclusion of trial for forest-offence, of produce in

respect of which it was committed : When the trial of any forest-offence is concluded, any forest produce in respect of which such offence has been committed shall, if it is the property of Government or has been forfeited be taken charge of by a Forest officer and in any other case may subject to section 61 G, be disposed of in such manner as the court may direct.

57. Procedure when offender not known or cannot be found : When the offender is not known or cannot be found, the Magistrate may, if he finds that an offence has been committed, but subject to section 61 G, order the property in respect of which the offence has been committed, to be forfeited together with tools, boats, vehicles or cattle and other articles used in committing the offence, and taken charge of by the Forest officer, or to be made over to the person whom the Magistrate deems to be entitled to the same;

Provided that no such order shall be made until the expiration of the one month from the date of seizing such property, or without hearing the person, if any, claiming any right thereto and the evidence, if any, which he may produce in support of his claim.

58. Procedure as to perishable property seized under section 52 : The Forest Officer who made the seizure under section 52 may, notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or any other law, sell any property seized under section 52 and subject to speedy and natural decay, and may deal with the proceeds as he would have dealt with such property if it had not been sold and shall report about every such sale to his official superior.

59. Appeal from orders under section 55, section 56 or section 57 : The officer who made the seizure under section 52, or any of his official superiors, or any person claiming to be interested in the property so seized, may, within one month from the date of any order passed under section 55, section 56 or section 57, appeal therefrom to the Court to which orders made by such Magistrate are ordinarily appealable, and the order, passed on such appeal shall be final.

60. Property when to vest in Government : When an order for the forfeiture of any property has been passed under section 55 or section 57, as the case may be, and the period limited by section 59 for an appeal from such order has elapsed, and no such appeal has been preferred or when on such an appeal being preferred, the Appellate Court confirms such order in respect of the whole or a portion of such property, such property or such portion thereof, as the case may be, shall vest in the Government free from all encumbrances.

61. Saving of power to release property seized : Nothing hereinbefore contained shall be deemed to prevent any officer empowered in this behalf by the State Government from directing at any time the immediate release of any property seized under section 52 which is not the property of Government and the withdrawal of any charge made in respect of such property.

61A. Confiscation by Forest Officers of forest produce where forest offence is believed to have been committed :

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provision of this Chapter or any law, where a forest-offence is believed to have been committed in respect of timber, sandalwood, fire- wood, charcoal or any other notified forest-produce which is the property of the State Government, the officer seizing the property under sub-section (1) of section 52 shall without any unreasonable delay produce it, together with all tools, boats, vehicles and cattle used in committing such offence, before an officer authorised by the State Government in this behalf by notification in the Official Gazette, not being an officer below the rank of an Assistant Conservator of Forests (hereinafter referred to as “the authorised offficer”) .
(2) The State Government may authorise one or more officers for any local area under sub-section (1).
(3) Where an authorised officer seizes under sub-section (1) of section 52 any timber, sandalwood, fire-wood, charcoal or any other notified forest-produce which is the property of the State Government or any such property is produced before an authorised officer under sub-section (1) and he is satisfied that a

61C.

(4) (a)

(b)

Where the authorised officer, after passing an order of confiscation under sub-section (3), is of opinion that it is expedient in the public interest so to do, he may order the confiscated property or any part thereof and the tools, boats, vehicles and cattle to be sold by public auction. Where any confiscated property or the tools, boats, vehicles and cattle are sold, as aforesaid, the proceeds thereof, after deduction of the expenses of any such auction or other incidental expenses relating thereto shall, where the order of confiscation made under this section is set aside or annulled by an order under section 61C or 61D, be paid to the owner thereof or to the person from whom it was seized as may be specified in such order.

forest-offence has been committed in respect of such property, such authorised officer may, whether or not a prosecution is instituted for the commission of such forest-offence, order confiscation of the property so seized together with all tools, boats, vehicles and cattle used in committing such offence.

61B. Issue of show-cause notice before confiscation under section 61A:
(1) No order confiscating any timber, sandalwood, fire-wood, charcoal or any other notified forest-produce tools, boats, vehicles or cattle shall be made under section 61A except after notice in writing to the person from whom it is seized and

considering his objections, if any:
Provided that no order confiscating a motor vehicle shall be

made except after giving notice in writing to the registered owner thereof, if in the opinion of the authorised officer it is practicable to do so, and considering his objections, if any.

(2) Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-section (1), no order confiscating any tool, boat, vehicle or cattle shall be made under section 61A if the owner of the tool, boat, vehicle or cattle proves to the satisfaction of the authorised officer that it was used in carrying the timber, sandalwood, fire-wood, charcoal or any other notified forest produce without the knowledge or connivance of the owner himself, his agent, if any, and the person in charge of the tool, boats, vehicle or cattle and that each of them had taken all reasonable and necessary precautions against such use.

Revision : Any Forest Officer not below the rank of Conservator of Forests specially empowered by the State Government in this behalf by notification in the Official Gazette may, suo motu call for and examine the record of the order of the authorised officer under section 61A, and may make such inquiry or cause such inquiry to be made and may pass such order as he deems fit:

Provided that no such record shall be called for after the expiry of 30 days from the date of such order, and no order under this section shall be passed if, in the meanwhile, an appeal has been filed under section 61D against the order of the authorised officer :

Provided further that no order prejudicial to a person shall be passed under this section without giving him an opportunity of being heard.

61D.

Appeal :

(1) Any person aggrieved by any order passed under section 61A or

section 61C may, within thirty days from the date of communication to him of such order, appeal to the Sessions Judge having jurisdiction over the area in which the property and the tools, boats, vehicles and cattle to which the order relates has been seized and the Sessions Judge shall, after giving an opportunity to the appellant and the authorised officer or the officer specially empowered under section 61C, as the case may be, to be heard, pass such order as he may think fit confirming, modifying or annulling the order appealed against.
(2) An order of the Sessions Judge under sub-section (1) shall be final and shall not be questioned in any Court.

61E.
award of any confiscation under section 61A or section 61C or section 61D shall not prevent the infliction of any punishment to which the person affected thereby is liable under this Act or any other law for the time being in force.

61F. Property etc., confiscated when to vest in Government : When an order for confiscation of any property or any tools, boats, vehicles or cattle is passed under section 61A or section 61C or section 61D and such order has become final in respect of the whole or any portion of such property, or tool, boat, vehicle or cattle, such property or portion thereof or tool, boat, vehicle, or cattle or if it has been sold under clause (a) of sub-section (4) of section 61A the sale proceeds thereof, as the case may be, shall vest in the State Government free from all encumbrances.

61G. Bar of jurisdiction in certain cases : Whenever any timber, sandalwood, firewood, charcoal or any other notified forest produce which is the property of the State Government, together with any tool, boat, vehicle or cattle used in committing any offences is seized under sub-section (1) of section 52, the authorised officer under section 61A or the officer specially empowered under section 61C or the Sessions Judge hearing an appeal under section 61D shall have, and notwithstanding anything, to the contrary contained in this Act or in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 or in any other law for the time being in force, any other officer, court, tribunal, or authority shall not have, jurisdiction to make orders with regard to the

Award of confiscation not to interfere with other punishments : The

custody, possession, delivery, disposal or distribution of such property and any tool, boat, vehicle or cattle.

Punishment for wrongful seizure :
1. (1) Any Forest officer or Police officer who vexatiously and
  
  unnecessarily seize any property on pretence of seizing property liable to confiscation and forfeiture under this Act, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees or with both.
2. (2) Any fine so imposed, or any portion thereof, shall, if the convicting court so directs, be given as compensation to the person aggrieved by such seizure.
Penalty for counterfeiting or defacing marks on trees and timber and

for altering boundary marks : Whoever, with intent to cause damage or injury to the public or to any person, or to cause wrongful gain as defined in the Indian Penal Code (XLV of 1860)-

(a) knowingly counterfeit upon any timber or standing tree a mark used by Forest-Officers to indicate that such timber or tree is the property of the Government or of some person, or that it may lawfully be cut or removed by some person; or
(b) alters, defaces or obliterates any such mark placed on a tree or on timber by or under the authority of a Forest-Officer; or
(c) alters, moves, destroys or defaces any boundary mark of any

forest or waste land to which the provisions of this Act are

applied;

shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.

64. Power to arrest without warrant :

(1) Any Forest-Officer, Police Pfficer or Revenue Officer may,

without orders from a Magistrate and without a warrant arrest any person against whom a reasonable suspicion exists of his having been concerned in any forest offence punishable with imprisonment for one month or upwards.
(2) Every officer making an arrest under this section shall, without unnecessary delay and subject to the provisions of this Act as to release on bond, take or send the person arrested before the Magistrate having jurisdiction in the case, or to the officer in charge of the nearest police station.
(3) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to authorise such arrest for any act which is an offence under chapter IV, unless such act has been prohibited under clause (c) of section 30.

65. Power to release on a bond a person arrested : Any Forest Officer of a rank not inferior to that of a Ranger, any Police Officer of a rank not inferior to that of Sub-Inspector or any Revenue Office of a rank not inferior to that of Mahalkari or Tahsildar who, or whose subordinate, has arrested any person under the provisions of section 64, may subject to and without prejudice to the provisions of section 65A, release such personal on his executing a bond to appear, if and when so required, before the Magistrate having jurisdiction in the case or before the officer in charge of the nearest police station.

65A. Certain offences to be non-bailable : Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973--

(a) The offences under sections or clauses of sections mentioned in clause (b) shall be non-bailable.

(b) The sections and clauses of sections of this Act, referred to in clause (a) are the following, namely :-
Section 26, clauses (a), (b), (f), (g), (h) and (i) of sub-section (1) Section 33, clauses (a), (b), (c), (d), (f) and (h) of sub section (1) Section 42.

Section 63.
(c) No person accused of any offence referred to in clause (b),

shall, if in custody, be released on bail or on his own bond unless,

(i) the prosecution has been given an opportunity to oppose

the application for such release, and
(ii) where the prosecution opposes the application, the court

is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for believing that he is not guilty of such offence.

66. Power to prevent commission of offence : Every Forest Officer, Police Officer and Revenue Officer shall prevent and may interfere for the purpose of preventing the commission of any forest offence.

67. Power to try offences summarily : Any Magistrate of the first class specially empowered in this behalf by the State Government in consultation with the High Court may try summarily, under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 any forest offence punishable with imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or fine not exceeding two thousand rupees, or both and the provisions of section 262 to 265 (both inclusive) of the said Code shall as far as may be, apply to such trial ; but notwithstanding anything contained in the said Code, in the case of conviction for any offence in a summary trial under this section, it shall be lawful for the Magistrate to pass sentence of imprisonment for any term for which such offence is punishable under this Act.

68. Power to compound offences :

(1) Subject to the provisions of sub section (3), the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, empower a Forest Officer,
1. (a) to accept from any person about whom reasonable
  
  suspicion exists that he has committed any forest offence, other than an offence specified in section 62 or section 63, payment of a sum of money or, at his discretion, an undertaking in writing to pay a sum money, by way of compensation for the offence which such person is suspected to have committed, and
2. (b) when any property has been seized as liable to confiscation, to release the same on the payment of, or at his discretion, on acceptance of an undertaking in writing to pay, the value thereof as named by such Officer.
(2) On the payment of, or on acceptance of an undertaking in writing to pay, such sum of money, or such named value, or both, as the case may be, to such Officer the suspected person, if in custody, shall be discharged, the property, if any, seized shall be released, and no further proceedings, other than those under section 82 where necessary, shall be taken against such person or property.
(3) A Forest Officer shall not be empowered under this section, unless he is a Forest Officer of a rank not inferior to that of a Ranger, and is in receipt of a monthly salary amounting to at least one hundred rupees, and the sum of money accepted or agreed to be accepted as compensation under clause (a) of sub- section (1) shall in no case exceed the sum of five hundred rupees.

69. Presumption that forest produces belongs to Government : When in any proceedings taken under this Act, or in consequence of anything done under this Act, a question arises as to whether any forest produce is the property of the Government, such produce shall be presumed to be the property of the Government until the contrary is proved.

CHAPTER X CATTLE-TRESPASS

70. Cattle-trespass Act, 1871, to apply : Cattle trespassing in a reserved forest or in any portion of a protected forest which has been lawfully closed to grazing shall be deemed to be cattle doing damage to a public plantation within the meaning of section 11 of the Cattle-trespass Act, 1871, and may be seized and impounded as such by any Forest Officer or Police Officer.

71. Power to alter fines fixed under that Act : The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, direct that in lieu of the fines fixed under section 12 of the Cattle-trespass Act, 1871, there shall be levied for each head of cattle impounded under section 70 of this Act, such fines as it thinks fit, but not exceeding the following, that is to say :

For each elephant................................................................... ten rupees For each buffalo or camel ........................................two rupees For each horse, mare, gelding pony, colt, filly, mule, bull, bullock, cow or heifer..........................................................one rupee For each calf, ass, pig, ram, ewe, sheep, lamb, goat or kid.............................................................(fifty naye paise)

CHAPTER XI
OF FOREST OFFICERS

State Government may invest Forest Officers with certain powers :
1. (1) The State Government may invest any Forest Officers with all
  
  or any of the following powers that is to say -
  1. (a) power to enter upon any land and to survey, demarcate
    
    and make a map of the same;
  2. (b) the power of a Civil Court to compel the attendance of
    
    witnesses and the production of documents and material
    
    objects;
  3. (c) power to issue a search-warrant under the Code of
    
    Criminal Procedure, 1973; and
  4. (d) power to hold an inquiry into forest offences and in the
    
    course of such inquiry, to receive and record evidence.
2. (2) Any evidence recorded under clause (d) of sub-section (1) shall be admissible in any subsequent trial before a Magistrate, provided that it has been taken in the presence of accused
  
  person.
Forest Officers deemed public servants : All Forest Officers shall be

deemed to be public servants within the meaning of the Indian Penal Code.

74. Indemnity for acts done in good faith : No Suit shall lie against any public servant for anything done by him in good faith under this Act.

75. Forest Officers not to trade : Except with the permission in writing of the State Government, no Forest Officers shall, as principal or agent, trade in timber or other forest produce; or be or become interested in any lease of any forest or in any contract for working any forest, whether in or outside the territories to which this Act extends.

CHAPTER XII SUBSIDIARY RULES

76. Additional powers to make rules : The State Government may make rules-

(a) to prescribe and limit the powers and duties of any Forest Officer under this Act ;
(b) to regulate the rewards to be paid to officers and informers out of the proceedings of fines and confiscation under this Act;
(c) for the preservation, reproduction and disposal of trees and timber belonging to Government, but grown on lands belonging to or in the occupation of private persons ; and
(d) generally to carry out the provisions of this Act.

77. Penalties for breach of rules : Any person contravening any rule under this Act, for the contravention of which no special penalty is provided, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or both.

Rules when to have force of law :
1. (1) All rules made by the State Government under this Act shall be
  
  published in the Official Gazette if shall thereupon, so far as they are consistent with this Act, have effect as and enacted therein.
2. (2) All rules made by the State Government under this Act shall be laid for not less than thirty days before each House of the State Legislature as soon as possible after they are made and shall be subject to such modifications as the State Legislature may make during the session in which they are so laid, or the session immediately following and publish in the Official Gazette.
  
  CHAPTER XIII MISCELLANEOUS
Persons bound to assist Forest Officers and Police Officers :

(1) Every person who exercises any right in a reserved or protected forest, or who is permitted to take any forest produce from, or to cut and remove timber or to pasture cattle in such forest, and every person who is employed by any such person in such forest, and every person in any village contiguous to such forest who is employed by the Government or who receives emoluments from the Government for the service to be performed to the community, shall be bound to furnish without unnecessary delay to the nearest Forest Officer or Police Officer

any information he may possess respecting the commission of, or intention to commit, any forest offence, and shall forthwith take steps whether so required by any Forest Officer or Police Officer or not :

(a) to extinguish any forest fire in such forest of which he has knowledge or information.
(b) to prevent by any lawful means in his power any fire in the vicinity of such forest of which he has knowledge or information from spreading to such forest; and shall assist any Forest Officer or Police Officer demanding his aid;
(c) in preventing the commission in such forest of any forest offence ; and
(d) when there is reasons to believe that any such offence has been committed in such forest, in discovering and arresting the offender.

(2) Any person, who, being bound so to do, without lawful excuse, (the burden of proving which shall lie upon such person) fails-

(a) to furnish without unnecessary delay to the nearest Forest

Officer or Police Officer any information required by

sub-section (1);
(b) to take steps as required by sub-section (1) to extinguish

any forest fire in a reserved or protected forest;
(c) to prevent, as required by sub-section (1) any fire in the

vicinity of such forest from spreading to such forest ; or
(d) to assist any Forest Officer or Police Officer demanding his aid in preventing the commission in such forest of any forest offence or, when there is reason to believe that any such offence has been committed in such forest, in

discovering and arresting the offender;

shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, or with both.

80. Management of forests, the joint property of Government and other persons :

(1) If the Government and any person be jointly interested in any forest or waste land, or in the whole or any part of the produce thereof, the State Government may either-

(a) undertake the management of such forest, waste-land or

produce according to such person for his interest in the

same; or
(b) issue such regulations for the management of the forest,

waste-land or produce by the person so jointly interested as it deems necessary for the management thereof and the interests of all parties therein.

(2) When the State Government undertakes under clause (a) of sub section (1) the management of any forest, waste-land or produce, it may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare that any of the provisions contained in Chapters II and IV shall apply to such forest, waste-land or produce, and thereupon such provision shall apply accordingly.

80A. Power of Government to apply provisions of this Act to certain lands of Government or local authority : The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare that any of the provisions of this Act shall apply to all or any lands on the banks of canal or the sides of roads which are the property of the State Government or a local authority and thereupon such provisions shall apply to such lands accordingly.

81. Failure to perform service for which a share in produce of Government forest is enjoyed : If any persons be entitled to a share in the produce of any forest which is the property of Government or over which the Government has proprietary rights or to any part of the forest-produce of which the Government is entitled, upon the condition of duly performing any service connected with such forest, such share shall be liable to confiscation in the event of the fact being established to the satisfaction of the State Government that such service is no longer so performed :

Provided that no such share shall be confiscated until the person entitled thereto, and the evidence, if any, which he may produce in proof of the due performance of such service, have been heard by an officer duly appointed in that behalf by the State Government.

82. Recovery of money due to Government : All money payable to the Government under this Act, or under rule made under this Act, or on account of the price of any forest-produce or of expenses incurred in the execution of this Act in respect of such produce or on account of compensation or value of property agreed to be paid under section 68 may, if not paid when due, be recovered under the law for the time being in force as if it were an arrear of land revenue.

83. Lien on forest produce for such money :

(1) When any such money is payable for or in respect of any forest-

produce, the amount thereof shall be deemed to be a first charge on such produce, and such produce may be taken possession of by a Forest-Officer until such amount has been paid.
(2) If such amount is not paid when due the Forest-Officer may sell such produce by public auction, and the proceeds of the sale shall be applied first, in discharging such amount.
(3) The surplus, if any, if not claimed within two months from the date of the sale by the person entitled thereto, shall be forfeited to Government.

84. Land required under this Act to be deemed to be needed for a public purpose under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 : Whenever it appears to the State Government that any land is required for any of the purposes of this Act, such land shall be deemed to be needed for a public purpose within the meaning of section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894.

85. Recovery of penalties due under bond :-

(1) When any person, in accordance with any provision of this Act,

or in compliance with any rule made thereunder, binds himself by any bond or instrument to perform any duty or act, or covenants by any bond or instrument that he, or that he and his servants and agents will abstain from any act, the whole sum mentioned in such bond or instrument as the amount to be paid in case of a breach of the conditions thereof may, notwithstanding anything in section 74 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, be recovered from in case of such breach as if it were an arrear of land revenue.
(2) If any question arises :
(a) whether there has been a breach of any of the conditions

of such bond or instrument;
(b) as to the sum to paid for such breach;
(c) as to the person or persons liable to pay such sum;
the question shall be referred to and, after giving notice to the person concerned and after considering his objections (if any), be decided by an officer, not below the rank of a Sub Divisional Forest Officer, authorised by the State Government in this behalf. The person aggrieved by the decision of such officer may, within a period of sixty days from date of such decision, appeal to the State Government or such other appellate authority as the State Government may appoint in this behalf. The decision of such officer, subject to an appeal to the appellate authority, and decision of the appellate authority on such appeal, shall be final.

85A. Saving for rights of Central Government : Nothing in this Act, shall authorise a Government of any State to make any order or do anything in relation to any property not vested in that State or otherwise prejudice any rights of the Central Government or the Government of any other State without the consent of the Government concerned.

86. Repeals : Repealed by Act II of 1948, s.2

THE SCHEDULE (Repealed by Act II of 1948, s.2)

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