Zero FIR Explained: A Comprehensive Guide

Most people are familiar with the term 'FIR' (First Information Report), but 'Zero FIR' might be less known. In cases where filing an FIR at the local police station is delayed or denied, Zero FIR becomes crucial.

What is Zero FIR?

A Zero FIR allows victims to file a complaint at any police station, regardless of the crime's location. The FIR is then transferred to the police station with the proper jurisdiction for investigation. This process ensures that the case is not delayed due to jurisdictional issues.

The term "Zero FIR" is derived from the fact that it starts with the number "0" (zero) and is later assigned a serial number once it reaches the appropriate jurisdiction. This system ensures that investigations are not hindered by jurisdictional barriers.

The practicality of Zero FIR

Zero FIR is as valid and practical as a regular FIR. Once filed, the Zero FIR is transferred to the relevant police station for further action. A Zero FIR can be filed by the victim or any witness knowledgeable about the incident. Police officers must register a Zero FIR and transfer it to the proper jurisdiction. Failure to do so can lead to penalties under Section 166A of the IPC.

Purpose of Zero FIR

Zero FIR addresses delays in reporting crimes, which can lead to loss of evidence and missed opportunities for justice. It:

• Allows filing at any police station, regardless of the crime's location.
• Enables prompt reporting and initiation of investigations.
• Prevents crucial evidence from being lost or tampered with.
• Provides a mechanism to seek justice without facing local police obstacles.

Judiciary Support for Zero FIR

Indian courts have strongly supported the Zero FIR concept. Key judgments include:

• Union of India vs Ashok Kumar Sharma (2020): The Supreme Court clarified that the FIR does not need to be filed at the jurisdictional police station initially but should be transferred to the appropriate one.
• Bimla Rawal vs NCT of Delhi (2008): The Delhi High Court emphasized the obligation to register and investigate an FIR based on cognizable offense information, regardless of jurisdiction.
• Justice Verma Committee: Recommended Zero FIR as part of its reforms following the Nirbhaya case.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Advisory: Mandated FIR registration based on cognizable offenses, regardless of jurisdiction, with penalties for non-compliance.

How to Register a Zero FIR

To file a Zero FIR:

1. Visit any police station: It does not need to be in the jurisdiction where the crime occurred.
2. Request Zero FIR registration: Inform the officer in charge that you wish to file a Zero FIR.
3. Receive the FIR copy: The police will register your complaint and provide you with a copy containing a unique number.
4. Forwarding: The Zero FIR will be sent to the appropriate police station for further investigation.
5. Acknowledgment: Obtain a receipt confirming the transfer of the FIR.

Case Laws

Several cases highlight the effectiveness of Zero FIR:

• Kirti Vashisht v. State (2019): Allowed registration and transfer of Zero FIR to the appropriate jurisdiction.
• State v. Satish Kumar (2018): Demonstrated the transfer of a Zero FIR from a railway station to the relevant police station.
• State v. Harnam Singh: Showed how a Zero FIR was filed and transferred for further investigation.
• Lalitha Kumari vs Govt of UP: Established the necessity of FIR registration for cognizable offenses and the limits of preliminary inquiry.

In summary, Zero FIR is a vital legal tool that ensures timely justice by overcoming jurisdictional hurdles and facilitating prompt investigations.

About the Author:

Aditya Vashishth, an accomplished criminal lawyer from Delhi with 8 years of experience, provides expert legal representation with a proven track record of success. Known for his sharp legal mind and strategic approach, he offers personalized guidance and empowers clients throughout the legal process. Aditya emphasizes clear communication, community engagement, and a deep understanding of criminal law.